FFFGrandparents Raising Grandchildren

No. 77; Updated April 2017

Grandparents are an important resource for both parents and children. They routinely provide child care, financial assistance and emotional support. Occasionally, they are called upon to provide much more, including temporary or full time care and responsibility for their grandchildren.

An increasing number of children in the United States live in households headed by a grandparent. This trend is due to:

  • increasing numbers of single parent families
  • Deportation of parents due to immigration issues
  • the high rate of divorce
  • teenage pregnancies
  • incarcerations of parents
  • substance abuse by parents
  • illness, disability or death of parents
  • parental abuse or neglect

In many of these homes, neither of the child's biological parents is present. In most cases, children taken care of by grandparents move in with them as infants or preschoolers and remain with them for five years or more. These grandparents are a diverse group, ranging in age from thirties to seventies. Many grandparents are ready to simplify their lives and slow down. Giving that up and taking over the responsibilities of being a primary caregiver again can stir up many feelings, including grief, anger, loss, resentment and possibly guilt. The transition can be very stressful, and the emotional and financial burdens can be significant. Culture shock at having to deal with children and adolescents of a different generation can be great. Households headed by grandparents have a significantly higher poverty rate than other kinds of family units.

Many grandparents in this care taking role underestimate or are unaware of the added burdens their new role as "parents" will place upon them. They often assume their role will be to nurture and reward children without having to set limits. When serving as primary caregivers, however, they must learn to set limits and establish controls as they did with their own children.

Many children arrive with preexisting problems or risk factors including abuse, neglect, prenatal exposure to drugs and alcohol, or loss of parents (due to death, abandonment, deportation, or incarceration). This situation can create risks for everyone in the household. However, caring for a grandchild can also be very positive and rewarding. Grandparents bring the benefit of experience and perspective, and can also provide important stability and predictability for their grandchildren.

It is very important for grandparents to receive support and assistance. Seeking out other family members, clergy, support groups and social agencies can be helpful. The Grandparents Information Center (sponsored by the American Association of Retired Persons) is a good place to get information, referrals and support. Financial aid may be available, especially if the child was abandoned, neglected or abused. Mental health professionals, including child and adolescent psychiatrists, community mental health centers, child welfare agencies and parent-teacher associations are other important resources for the grandparents.

Child and adolescent psychiatrists recognize the important role many grandparents play in raising their grandchildren. The better grandparents are able to meet their own needs, the better they can care for the children under their care.